Our Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy mode measures the local amplitude/phase response to a DC bias between tip and sample surface. The polarity of local piezoelectric domain switches depend on the sign and amount of applied voltage.
In Piezoresponse Force Spectroscopy, the user can perform an array of PFM signal vs. bias spectroscopy measurements at various locations. The spectroscopy provides information on local switching behavior of a piezoelectric domain and measures the absolute value of a piezoelectric constant.